Light, which is made up of particles called photons, is not considered matter because it has no mass. All of these particles are forms of matter because they have mass and occupy space. Protons and neutrons, however, are made up of smaller particles called quarks. Electrons, which orbit an atom’s nucleus, are considered fundamental particles because they cannot be broken down further. Atoms themselves are made up of even smaller bits of matter: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The most familiar forms of matter- elements and compounds-are made of up tiny particles called atoms. According to the Big Bang theory, at the beginning of the universe, all matter erupted from a singularity, a hot, dense speck of matter. Earth, and everything on it, is made of matter, so are all the stars and planets in the universe.
Matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space.
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